CHAPTER 5

NEBULAE

5.1           Factories of atoms

Let us for a moment suppose that we do have a massive positive electric charge floating somewhere in the great vastness of the Universe and is attracted to a similarly large negative electric charge near by. As these two charges drift towards each other, they eventually contact and atoms form very much like oil droplets in water along the contact zone. Fig: 5-1a, b, c, d, e & f. As the atoms form, the process of atomic creation slows since the newly formed atoms form a barrier to further creation of new atoms. We call these massive electric charges, “Nebulae” as opposed to their being currently referred as gas clouds and dust in some reference books. Nebulae are visible to telescopic observations, because newly formed atoms within have a radiation signature. If there are no atoms, there are no frequency and amplitude and therefore no radiation is observed. The size of the atoms that form within a Nebula varies, presumably from helium to uranium in addition to those we have not yet discovered. The transition from atoms of one element to the next is not discrete but rather transitional and as a result we can have an infinite number of isotopes between atoms of two adjacent elements in the Periodic Table.

A Nebula is a factory of atoms within the Universe. As more atoms form within a Nebula, it becomes more visible. As the time goes by in the cosmic scale, these atoms within a Nebula continue to move in different directions within a three dimensional space of electric charges since the potential field of electric charges is stronger near the contact points and weaker as the distance increases. This allows atoms to disperse from the contact zones where they were once formed. As their cooling begins, some of these atoms now have greater masses and as a result they have smaller repulsive forces therefore they are attracted to one another to form young stars. This is why, some scientific literature call these Nebulae as star factories. However, we will continue to call Nebulae as places where atoms are first formed.

As its electric charges are depleted by forming atoms and anti-matter, a nebula becomes mostly matter and very little electric charge. Its temperature is cooler now and consequently it no longer shines brightly. This final stage of nebula is characterized by the presence of large number of brightly shining stars. Based on this reasoning, it is possible to assert that a very large nebula might have been behind the creation of star cluster Pleiades, NGC 1432.

5.2 Antimatter

The atomic model we have presented in this book so far has its positive electric charges within and its negative electric charge outside of its shell. If our atomic model had its negative electric charge within and its positive electric charge outside of its shell, it will be its own antimatter. The decision of which electric charge goes within largely depends on the sizes of nebulae involved in the atomic creation. This line of thinking makes it possible to assume that there may be a segment of the Universe, in which, atoms have their negative charges within and therefore are called antimatter. The question then becomes what happens when atoms of matter and antimatter collide. In all likelihood, their atomic structures disintegrate, their electric charges are freed to form a new set of atoms and that allows Universe to avoid a premature destruction. However, energy is indestructible and that is in line with the Principle of the Conservation of Energy.